In Part I, we established that archetypes are inherited modules that form the foundation of every species' (a) typical patterns of behavior; (b) capacity to recognize survival-relevant patterns in the environment; and (c) at least in humans, typical patterns for imagining things not immediately present to the senses. Inheritance lays down anatomical and histological (tissue) structures that mature in the context of an organisms interaction with its environment. In the case of primates, and especially humans, that environment is distinctively social, political, and cultural. Thus a general capacity for language development is laid down in the structure of the brain, and subsequently elaborated into a program for processing English, Japanese, or Arabic. There are everywhere inherited universals, but each of them is shaped somewhat differently by culture — essentially the vision Jung articulated nearly a century ago.

          In Part II, it remains to discuss the larger context in which the archetypes occur. We need to learn how contemporary neurobiology describes the brain, and what this means for the “psyche&,rdquo; the ultimate subject of every psychology, including Jung's. Chapter 5 takes up the question of the brain's relation to mind, psyche, and consciousness. Chapter 6 outlines Jung's phenomenological account of psychic process (“individuation”) and reconciles it with what biology presently knows about the functioning of the brain. Chapter 7 examines neurotic dysfunction, how it disturbs the course of individuation, and how Jung approaches remediating these disturbances — all in relation to the discoveries of modern biology.

          Part III will take the argument further into areas of Jungian psychology that have generated suspicions regarding Jung’s scientific respectability, namely his valuing “numinous” altered states of consciousness for their ability to effect profound psychological transformation. Here the argument will tie up again with the evidence of shamanic experimentation in the painted caves at the dawn of modern Homo sapiens.